tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-91251411560806410392024-03-13T07:38:58.142+08:00PENGAJARAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR (KPD6034)~Satu Perkongsian Ilmu~Siti Masmawarni, Hasnan dan Norhaslizamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01177170128245149536noreply@blogger.comBlogger7125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9125141156080641039.post-37890630650702397202011-12-09T18:59:00.067+08:002011-12-16T18:21:03.279+08:00KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR SECARA KRITIS DAN KREATIF (KBKK) DALAM KURIKULUM SEKOLAH BESTARI<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Pengenalan</b></span></div></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">- Setiap orang berfikir<br />
- Tidak perlu diajar seperti berjalan<br />
- Mengapa perlu belajar/mengajar berfikir ?<br />
</span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><ul><li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">tidak berfikir seperti mana yg sepatutnya</span></li>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">
<li>tidak membuat keputusan yang baik dan selesaikan masalah</li>
</span></ul></ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">- Dalam Falsafah Pendidikan Negara :<br />
</span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><ul><li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">perkembangan daya intelek individu diberi penekanan bersama-sama dengan perkembangan rohani, emosi dan jasmani.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">memastikan kemahiran berfikir dikuasai oleh pelajar, maka objektif penguasaan kemahiran berfikir telah didokumentasikan dalam kurikulum sekolah</span></span></li>
</ul></ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> - Dalam KBSR :<br />
</span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><ul><li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">antara objektif- membolehkan pelajar menguasai KB, dan mengembangkan bakat serta kreativiti</span></li>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> </span></ul></ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">- Dalam KBSM :<br />
</span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><ul><li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">mengembang dan meningkatkan daya intelek, serta pemikiran rasional, kritis dan kreatif.</span></li>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> </span></ul></ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">Dalam usaha meningkatkan kualiti pendidikan, beberapa perubahan dilaksanakan oleh KPM, antaranya Sekolah Bestari.</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">KB adalah elemen utama dalam kurikulum SB. Diajar merentasi kurikulum dengan harapan :<br />
</span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">kualiti pemikiran murid meningkat</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">membuat keputusan dengan tepat</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">menghasilkan idea yang bernas, pendapat yang jitu dan pandangan yg kritis dan kreatif</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">dapat membeza baik dan buruk</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">menghadapi cabaran terkini</span></li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Definisi Pemikiran</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">"Pemikiran ialah proses menggunakan minda untuk mencari makna dan pemahaman terhadap sesuatu, menerokai pelbagai kemungkinan idea dan ciptaan dan membuat pertimbangan yang wajar, bagi membuat keputusan dan menyelesaikan masalah dan seterusnya membuat refleksi dan metakognitif terhadap proses yang dialami."</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> </span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Tujuan KBKK</b></span></div><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">mendapat latihan berfikir secara kritis dan kreatif untuk membuat keputusan dan menyelesaikan masalah dengan bijak</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">mengaplikasikan pengetahuan, pengalaman dan kemahiran berfikir secara lebih praktik sama ada dalam atau luar sekolah</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">menghasilkan idea atau ciptaan yang kreatif dan inovatif</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">mengatasi kesilapan berfikir yang terburu-buru, bercalaru, kabur dan sempit</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">meningkatkan aspek kognitif dan afektif, dan seterusnya perkembangan intelek mereka</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">bersikap terbuka dalam menerima dan memberi pendapat, membina keyakinan diri untuk memberi hujjah, membuat pertimbangan berdasarkan alasan dan bukti, serta berani memberi pandangan dan kritik.</span></li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Kesilapan Dalam Berfikir</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">i. Berfikir secara terburu-buru<br />
</span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><ul><li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">beri masa untuk berfikir</span></li>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> </span></ul></ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">ii. Fikiran yang sempit<br />
</span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><ul><li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">aktiviti perbahasan, perbincangan dan sumbangsaran</span></li>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">
<li>latihan menggunakan penyusun grafik banding beza</li>
</span></ul></ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">iii. Fikiran yang kabur<br />
</span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><ul><li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">latih pelajar memperjelaskan sesuatu idea dalam bentuk penulisan</span></li>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">
<li>latih membuat definisi dasarkan kategori dan ciri-ciri sesuatu objek/perkara</li>
<li>membuat kerangka karangan</li>
</span></ul></ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">iv. Fikiran yang bercelaru<br />
</span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><ul><li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">Latih pelajar menyusun idea dengan lebih sistematik dalam lisan dan penulisan</span></li>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">
<li>menyusun isi-isi penting untuk karangan</li>
<li>carta aliran</li>
</span></ul></ul><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> <b>Perbezaan Antara Otak Dan Minda</b></span></div><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">otak = organ yang terletak pada bahagian kepala yang mempunyai sistem-sistem tertentu</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">minda = kualiti pemikiran yang dihasilkan oleh otak berkenaan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">otak ---> pisau , minda ---> ketajaman mata pisau</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">pisau perlu sentiasa diasah agar penggunaannya berkesan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">hemesfera otak kiri (HOKI) ---> kritis</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">hemesfera otak kanan (HOKA) ---> kreatif</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">kedua-duanya perlu dikembangkan melalui rangsangan, bahan dan aktiviti berfikir dalam p & p.</span></li>
</ul><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Jenis Kemahiran Berfikir</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">- pelbagai jenis kemahiran berfikir :-</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> analitikal, logikal, kritikal, objektif, sistematik, pragmatik, positif, negatif, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> konstruktif, proaktif, projektif, kreatif, perspektif, lateral, emotif dsb. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> - secara amnya KB dibahagikan kepada 2 domain utama:<br />
</span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><ul><li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">KB secara kritis</span></li>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">
<li>KB secara kreatif </li>
</span></ul></ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> KB secara kritis</b> = " kecekapan dan keupayaan menggunakan minda untuk</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> menilai kemunasabahan atau kewajaran sesuatu idea, meneliti kebernasan, </span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> kebaikan dan kelemahan sesuatu hujah dan membuat pertimbangan yang wajar </span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> dengan menggunakan alasan dan bukti yang munasabah "</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> Contoh KB kritis : </span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><ul><li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">banding beza </span></li>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">
<li>membuat kategori</li>
<li>teliti bahagian kecil dan keseluruhan</li>
<li>membuat sekuens</li>
<li>menerang sebab</li>
<li>membuat ramalan</li>
<li>usul periksa andaian</li>
<li>membuat inferens</li>
<li>mengesahkan sumber maklumat </li>
</span></ul></ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> <b>KB secara kreatif</b> = " kecekapan atau keupayaan menggunakan minda untuk </span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> menerokai pelbagai kemungkinan menggunakan minda untuk menerokai</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> pelbagai kemungkinan menghasilkan sesuatu yang baru, asli dan bernilai sama </span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> ada bersifat maujud, abstrak, idea atau gagasan " </span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> Contoh KB kreatif : </span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><ul><li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">menjana dan menghasilkan idea yang pelbagai</span></li>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">
<li>mencipta analogi</li>
<li>mencipta metafora </li>
</span></ul></ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> - kemahiran-kemahiran lain:<br />
</span></div><ul style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><ul><li><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">kemahiran membuat keputusan</span></li>
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">
<li>kemahiran menyelesaikan masalah </li>
</span></ul></ul><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> <b>Jenis Bahan Yang Digunakan </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">- Bahan merupakan rangsangan yang digunakan untuk melatih /mewujudkan suasana </span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> berfikir dikalangan pelajar<br />
- Bahan boleh berbentuk :- </span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></div><dir style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><dir><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">i. Prosa - cerita, cerpen, rencana, berita <br />
ii. Puisi - pantun, syair, sajak, lirik lagu <br />
iii. Grafik - gambar, rajah, graf, kartun </span></dir></dir><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">- Semua bahan tersebut boleh dibahagikan kepada 4 kategori : <br />
<dir><dir>i. Bahan seronok - menggalakkan pelajar menggunakan banyak daya imaginasi</dir><dir> yang memerlukan pelajar membuat ramalan yang berbagai-bagai </dir><dir> ~ bagaimana jari anda ada 5?</dir><dir> </dir><dir><dir></dir>ii. Bahan asing - bahan yang berlaku tetapi di luar pengalaman remaja/pelajar. </dir><dir> Bahan ini datang dari dunia orang dewasa. </dir><dir> ~ bagaimana cara nak menyekat pemuda yang menunggang motor dengan</dir><dir> laju? </dir></dir><dir><dir> </dir><dir> <dir><dir></dir></dir>iii. Bahan persekitaran - bahan datang dari dunia remaja yang mereka alami </dir><dir> dan gemari.</dir><dir> ~ kamu tahu kawan kamu mengambil makanan dari kantin tanpa</dir><dir> membayarnya. Apa yang kamu akan lakukan?</dir><dir> </dir><dir>iv. Bahan berat - Bahan yang mempunyai implikasi serius pada kehidupan </dir><dir> remaja. </dir><dir> ~ Kamu ingin masuk kumpulan rock tapi ibu bapa kamu menentang. Apa</dir><dir> yang patut kamu buat?</dir></dir> <dir><dir></dir></dir><dir></dir></span><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Bagaimana KBKK Diajar</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">- KBKK bukan satu mata pelajaran khusus ( Dr. De Bono merancang satu sukatan khas</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> untuk KBKK )<br />
- Ia diajar secara penyebatian<br />
- Penyebatian = strategi pengajaran yang menyepadukan kemahiran berfikir ke dalam mata </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> pelajaran yang diajar.<br />
- 2 kaedah penyebatian :- </span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></div><dir style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><dir><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">i. Penyebatian sepenuhnya : KBKK disepadukan secara menyeluruh dalam </span></dir><dir><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> setiap langkah pengajaran yang dikenalpasti. Terdapat 2 cara :<br />
<dir><dir>a) kenalpasti tajuk/isi pelajaran dan bahan seterusnya tentukan KBKK<br />
b) kenalpasti KBKK dan tentukan isi pelajaran yang sesuai serta </dir><dir> bahan</dir><dir> </dir></dir>ii. Penyebatian separa : strategi pengajaran yang menyepadukan sebahagian </span></dir><dir><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> daripada unsur KBKK dalam langkah-langkah pengajaran yang sesuai <br />
<dir><dir>a) unsur KBKK hanya disepadukan dalam langkah-langkah tertentu </dir><dir> sahaja mengikut keperluan dan kesesuaian</dir><dir>b) penyebatian separa biasanya setelah pelajar telah mengikut </dir><dir> penyebatian sepenuhnya dalam pembelajaran yang lepas.</dir></dir></span></dir></dir><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">- Proses berfikir berlaku dalam dua tahap :- </span><dir style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><dir><dir><dir><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">a) apabila minda membuat persepsi<br />
b) dengan persepsi, minda melakukan pemprosesan logikal</span></dir></dir></dir></dir><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">- mengajar berfikir juga beerti mengajar pelajar membuat persepsi, i.e menajam dan</span><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;"> mendalamkan daya persepsi<br />
- kemahiran berfikir berbeza dengan kemahiran membuat</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">- KB hanya melibatkan pen dan kertas sahaja, walaupun dalam kemahiran reka cipta, apa</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> yang penting ialah proses berfikir untuk mengeluarkan sesuatu idea, yang kemudiannya </span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> diwakilkan dalam bentuk lukisan</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">- reka cipta :- </span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></div><dir style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><dir><span style="background-color: white; font-size: small;">~ konkrit : teknikal spt membina sesuatu model <br />
~ abstrak : spt merancang/merangka strategi, taktik</span></dir></dir><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Ciri-Ciri Pemikir Yang Bijak/Baik</b></span></div><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">cekal melaksanakan tugas</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">mendengar secara aktif/pendengar yang baik</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">bekerjasama dengan orang lain</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">jujur dan terbuka ( menerima pandangan orang lain )</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">peka dengan fikiran sendiri serta dapat menjelaskan langkah-langkah dan sekuens yang digunakan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">mahir dalam menyoal</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">dapat mengubahsuai konsep dan kemahiran dalam pelbagai situasi yang berlainan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">sifat ingin tahu dan inisiatif yang tinggi</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">kesediaan mengambil risiko dan cabaran </span></li>
</ul><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">sumber dari <a href="http://mujahid.tripod.com/kbkk.html">sini</a></span></div>Siti Masmawarni, Hasnan dan Norhaslizamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01177170128245149536noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9125141156080641039.post-68039197270219468012011-11-30T12:27:00.002+08:002011-12-17T01:52:23.394+08:00TINTA ILMUWAN<ul><li><i>Menurut Cropley (1992:231) “seseorang tidak akan menjadi pelukis, penyajak atau pemuzik dengan hanya membaca buku tentang lukisan, sajak atau muzik. Begitu juga dengan mencalit warna ke atas kanvas, membentuk sajak yang tidak teratur atau cetuskan nota muzik, tidak menjadikan seseorang itu artis kecuali dua perkara iaitu: potensi kreatif dan pendidikan yang menekankan kreativiti".</i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: #ecf3f7; color: #333333; font-family: 'Lucida Grande', 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Minda yang kerdil umpama pokok yang kerdil.. Ia tidak boleh berbuah dan berbunga-</span></i><i><span style="background-color: #ecf3f7; color: #333333; font-family: 'Lucida Grande', 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Prof. Diraja Ungku Aziz</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Most of the mistakes in thinking are inadequacies of perception rather than mistakes of logic.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Edward de Bono</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Thought is the blossom; language the bud; action the fruit behind it.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">– Ralph Waldo Emerson</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“What we think, we become.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Buddha</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“A man is but the product of his thoughts what he thinks, he becomes.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Mahatma Gandhi</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“An idea is always a generalization, and generalization is a property of thinking. To generalize means to think.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“A real decision is measured by the fact that you’ve taken a new action. If there’s no action, you haven’t truly decided.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Tony Robbins</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“And we’re seeing a higher level of consciousness and many more opportunities for people to challenge their present ways of thinking and move into a grander and larger experience of who they really are.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Neale Donald Walsch</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Any man who reads too much and uses his own brain too little falls into lazy habits of thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Albert Einstein</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">As you begin changing your thinking, start immediately to change your behaviour. Begin to act the part of the person you would like to become. Take action on your behaviour. Too many people want to feel, then take action. This never works.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— John Maxwell</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“At a certain age some people’s minds close up; they live on their intellectual fat.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">–William Lyon Phelps</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Begin challenging your own assumptions. Your assumptions are your windows on the world. Scrub them off every once in awhile, or the light won’t come in.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Alan Alda</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Belief is when someone else does the thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Buckminster Fuller</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Believing is easier than thinking. Hence so many more believers than thinkers.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Bruce Calvert</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Better to be without logic than without feeling.” –</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">Charlotte Bronte</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Building art is a synthesis of life in materialised form. We should try to bring in under the same hat not a splintered way of thinking, but all in harmony together.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Alvar Aalto</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Clear thinking requires courage rather than intelligence.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Thomas Szasz</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Don’t be seduced into thinking that that which does not make a profit is without value.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Arthur Miller</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Don’t think. Thinking is the enemy of creativity. It’s self-conscious, and anything self-conscious is lousy. You can’t try to do things. You simply must do things.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Ray Bradbury</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Doubt is not a pleasant state of mind, but certainty is absurd.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Voltaire</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Every great and deep difficulty bears in itself its own solution. It forces us to change our thinking in order to find it.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Niels Bohr</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Faith is an oasis in the heart which will never be reached by the caravan of thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Khalil Gibran</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Fame usually comes to those who are thinking about something else.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Oliver Wendell Holmes</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Few minds wear out; more rust out.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Christian N. Bovee</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Few people think more than two or three times a year; I have made an international reputation for myself by thinking once or twice a week.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— George Bernard Shaw</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Get into a line that you will find to be a deep personal interest, something you really enjoy spending twelve to fifteen hours a day working at, and the rest of the time thinking about.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Earl Nightingale</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Humility is not thinking less of yourself, it’s thinking of yourself less.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Rick Warren</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“I am neither bitter nor cynical but I do wish there was less immaturity in political thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Franklin D. Roosevelt</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“I am not what I think. I am thinking what I think.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Eric Butterworth</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“I began to realize that thinking itself is nothing but the process of asking and answering questions.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Tony Robbins</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“I cannot cure myself of that most woeful of youth’s follies – thinking that those who care about us will care for the things that mean much to us.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— David Herbert Lawrence</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“I don’t pretend we have all the answers. But the questions are certainly worth thinking about.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Arthur C. Clarke</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“I don’t think the human mind can comprehend the past and the future. They are both just illusions that can manipulate you into thinking theres some kind of change.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Bob Dylan</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“I grew up thinking that whatever I wanted to do, I could do.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Victoria Principal</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“I have a different way of thinking. I think synergistically. I’m not linear in thinking, I’m not very logical.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Imelda Marcos</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“I have things in my head that are not like what anyone has taught me – shapes and ideas so near to me – so natural to my way of being and thinking that it hasn’t occurred to me to put them down.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Georgia O’Keeffe</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“I knew I was a winner back in the late sixties. I knew I was destined for great things. People will say that kind of thinking is totally immodest. I agree. Modesty is not a word that applies to me in any way – I hope it never will.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Arnold Schwarzenegger</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“I like thinking big. If you’re going to be thinking anything, you might as well think big.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Donald Trump</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">I like to think of thoughts as living blossoms borne by the human tree.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— James Douglas</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“I like what the future holds. I don’t like thinking about the past.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— John Cale</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“I must write it all out, at any cost. Writing is thinking. It is more than living, for it is being conscious of living.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Anne Morrow Lindbergh</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“I once tried thinking for an entire day, but I found it less valuable than one moment of study.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Xun Zi</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“I really wish I was less of a thinking man and more of a fool not afraid of rejection.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Billy Joel</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“I succeeded by saying what everyone else is thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Joan Rivers</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“I think and think for months and years. Ninety-nine times, the conclusion is false. The hundredth time I am right.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">– Albert Einstein</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“I think of life as a good book. The further you get into it, the more it begins to make sense.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Harold Kushner</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">I was thinking that we all learn by experience, but some of us have to go to summer school.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Peter De Vries</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“I’m against fashionable thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Herman Kahn</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“I’ve never responded well to entrenched negative thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— David Bowie</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“If everyone is thinking alike, then somebody isn’t thinking.”–</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">George S. Patton</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“If I look confused it is because I am thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Samuel Goldwyn</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“If the track is tough and the hill is rough, thinking you can just ain’t enough!”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Shel Silverstein</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“If you keep thinking about what you want to do or what you hope will happen, you don’t do it, and it won’t happen.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Desiderius Erasmus</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“If you look for truth, you may find comfort in the end; if you look for comfort you will not get either comfort or truth only soft soap and wishful thinking to begin, and in the end, despair.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">– C.S. Lewis</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“If you spend too much time thinking about a thing, you’ll never get it done.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Bruce Lee</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“In dwelling, live close to the ground. In thinking, keep to the simple. In conflict, be fair and generous. In governing, don’t try to control. In work, do what you enjoy. In family life, be completely present.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Lao Tzu</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“It is better to know some of the questions than all of the answers.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— James Thurber</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“It is by not always thinking of yourself, if you can manage it, that you might somehow be happy. Until you make room in your life for someone as important to you as yourself, you will always be searching and lost.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Richard Bach</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“It is neither good nor bad, but thinking makes it so.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— William Shakespeare</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“It is no good getting furious if you get stuck. What I do is keep thinking about the problem but work on something else. Sometimes it is years before I see the way forward. In the case of information loss and black holes, it was 29 years.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Stephen Hawking</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“It is well for people who think, to change their minds occasionally in order to keep them clean.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Luther Burbank</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“It’s not the events that shape my life that determine how I feel and act, but, rather, it’s the way I interpret and evaluate my life experiences.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Tony Robbins</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Kindness in words creates confidence. Kindness in thinking creates profoundness. Kindness in giving creates love.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Lao Tzu</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Language shapes the way we think, and determines what we can think about.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Benjamin Lee Whorf</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Let our advance worrying become advance thinking and planning.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Winston Churchill</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Let your performance do the thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Charlotte Bronte</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Life consists in what a man is thinking of all day.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Ralph Waldo Emerson</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Living is like tearing through a museum. Not until later do you really start absorbing what you saw, thinking about it, looking it up in a book, and remembering – because you can’t take it in all at once.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Audrey Hepburn</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Logic teaches rules for presentation, not thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Mason Cooley</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Logic: The art of thinking and reasoning in strict accordance with the limitations and incapacities of the human misunderstanding.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Ambrose Bierce</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Man can alter his life by altering his thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— William James</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Man falls from the pursuit of the ideal of plan living and high thinking the moment he wants to multiply his daily wants. Man’s happiness really lies in contentment.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Mohandas Gandhi</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Man is but a reed, the most feeble thing in nature, but he is a thinking reed.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Blaise Pascal</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Masterpieces are not single and solitary births; they are the outcome of many years of thinking in common, of thinking by the body of the people, so that the experience of the mass is behind the single voice.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Virginia Woolf</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Meditation is the dissolution of thoughts in Eternal awareness or Pure consciousness without objectification, knowing without thinking, merging finitude in infinity.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">– Voltaire</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Men always do leave off really thinking, when the last bit of wild animal dies in them.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— David Herbert Lawrence</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Men can live without air a few minutes, without water for about two weeks, without food for about two months – and without a new thought for years on end.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Kent Ruth</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Most of one’s life is one prolonged effort to prevent oneself thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Aldous Huxley</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Most of the mistakes in thinking are inadequacies of perception rather than mistakes of logic.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Edward de Bono</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Most people are prisoners, thinking only about the future or living in the past. They are not in the present, and the present is where everything begins.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Carlos Santana</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Most people are unable to write because they are unable to think, and they are unable to think because they congenitally lack the equipment to do so, just as they congenitally lack the equipment to fly over the moon.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">– Henry Louis Mencken</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“My definition of an intellectual is someone who can listen to the William Tell Overture without thinking of the Lone Ranger.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Billy Connolly</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“My hand is the extension of the thinking process – the creative process.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Tadao Ando</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“My thought is me: that is why I cannot stop thinking. I exist because I think I cannot keep from thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Jean-Paul Sartre</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“No amount of energy will take the place of thought. A strenuous life with its eyes shut is a kind of wild insanity.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Henry Van Dyke</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“No matter where you go or what you do, you live your entire life within the confines of your head.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Terry Josephson</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“No problem can be solved until it is reduced to some simple form. The changing of a vague difficulty into a specific, concrete form is a very essential element in thinking.” –</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">J. P. Morgan</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“No problem can withstand the assault of sustained thinking.”—</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">Voltaire</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Nothing comes merely by thinking about it.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— John Wanamaker</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Nothing is more conducive to peace of mind than not having any opinion at all.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— G.C. Lichtenberg</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Often the hands will solve a mystery that the intellect has struggled with in vain.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Carl G. Jung</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“One ought to look a good deal at oneself before thinking of condemning others.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">– Moliere</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Opinion is that exercise of the human will which helps us to make a decision without information.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— John Erskine</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Our job is not to make up anybody’s mind, but to open minds and to make the agony of the decision-making so intense you can escape only by thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Anonymous</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Our minds are lazier than our bodies.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— François, Duc de La Rochefoucauld</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Our thinking and our behaviour are always in anticipation of a response. It is therefore fear-based.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Deepak Chopra</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Ours is the age which is proud of machines that think and suspicious of men who try to.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Howard Mumford Jones</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“People demand freedom of speech as a compensation for the freedom of thought which they seldom use.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Soren Kierkegaard</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“People mistakenly assume that their thinking is done by their head; it is actually done by the heart which first dictates the conclusion, then commands the head to provide the reasoning that will defend it.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">– Anthony de Mello</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“People who say they don’t care what people think are usually desperate to have people think they don’t care what people think.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— George Carlin</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Physiological response to thinking and to pain is the same; and man is not given to hurting himself.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Martin H. Fischer</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Positive anything is better than negative nothing.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Elbert Hubbard</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Positive thinking will let you do everything better than negative thinking will.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Zig Ziglar</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Pressure is a word that is misused in our vocabulary. When you start thinking of pressure, it’s because you’ve started to think of failure.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Tommy Lasorda</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Pride is pleasure arising from a man’s thinking too highly of himself.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Baruch Spinoza</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Principles and rules are intended to provide a thinking man with a frame of reference.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Karl Von Clausewitz</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— John Locke</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Reading is equivalent to thinking with someone else’s head instead of with one’s own.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Arthur Schopenhauer</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Reading without reflecting is like eating without digesting.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Edmund Burke</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Romance is thinking about your significant other, when you are supposed to be thinking about something else.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Nicholas Sparks</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Sad people dislike the happy, and the happy the sad; the quick thinking the sedate, and the careless the busy and industrious.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">– Horace</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Science is a way of thinking much more than it is a body of knowledge.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Carl Sagan</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Self-worth comes from one thing – thinking that you are worthy.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Wayne Dyer</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Sixty minutes of thinking of any kind is bound to lead to confusion and unhappiness.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— James Thurber</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Some people get lost in thought because it’s such unfamiliar territory.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— G. Behn</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Some people do not become thinkers simply because their memories are too good.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Some years ago, I wrote a book called the Emperor’s New Mind and that book was describing a point of view I had about consciousness and why it was not something that comes about from complicated calculations.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Roger Penrose</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Sometimes I think and other times I am.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Paul Valéry</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Success is a lousy teacher. It seduces smart people into thinking they can’t lose.” –</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">Bill Gates</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Take time to deliberate, but when the time for action has arrived, stop thinking and go in.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Napoleon Bonaparte</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Talking with a friend is nothing else but thinking aloud.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Joseph Addison</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“The act of putting pen to paper encourages pause for thought, this in turn makes us think more deeply about life, which helps us regain our equilibrium.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Norbet Platt</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The average man never really thinks from end to end of his life. The mental activity of such people is only a mouthing of clichés.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— H.L. Mencken</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“The best ideas come as jokes. Make your thinking as funny as possible.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— David Ogilvy</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“The best thinking has been done in solitude. The worst has been done in turmoil.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Thomas A. Edison</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The best way of forgetting how you think you feel is to concentrate on what you know you know.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Mary Stewart</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“The conventional view serves to protect us from the painful job of thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— John Kenneth Galbraith</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“The forceps of our minds are clumsy things and crush the truth a little in the course of taking hold of it.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— H.G. Wells</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“The ‘how’ thinker gets problems solved effectively because he wastes no time with futile ‘ifs’.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">– Norman Vincent Peale</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“The most common way people give up their power is by thinking they don’t have any.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Alice Walker</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“The most successful politician is he who says what the people are thinking most often in the loudest voice.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Theodore Roosevelt</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“The most thought-provoking thing in our thought-provoking time is that we are still not thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Martin Heidegger</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The only place where your dream becomes impossible is in your own thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Robert H. Schuller</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The reason why so few people are agreeable in conversation is that each is thinking more about what he intends to say than others are saying.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Francois de La Rochefoucauld</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“The secret of living a life of excellence is merely a matter of thinking thoughts of excellence. Really, it’s a matter of programming our minds with the kind of information that will set us free.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Charles R. Swindoll</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“The third-rate mind is only happy when it is thinking with the majority. The second-rate mind is only happy when it is thinking with the minority. The first-rate mind is only happy when it is thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— A. A. Milne</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“The thoughts that come often unsought, and, as it were, drop into the mind, are commonly the most valuable of any we have.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— John Locke</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“The trouble with most people is that they think with their hopes or fears or wishes rather than with their minds.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Will Durant</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The use of travelling is to regulate imagination by reality, and instead of thinking how things may be, to see them as they are.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Samuel Johnson</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“The way we communicate with others and with ourselves ultimately determines the quality of our lives.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Tony Robbins</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“The whole of science is nothing more than a refinement of everyday thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Albert Einstein</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“The world we have created is a product of our thinking; it cannot be changed without changing our thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Albert Einstein</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“There are different rules for reading, for thinking, and for talking. Writing blends all three of them.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Mason Cooley</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">There are some days I practice positive thinking, and other days I’m not positive I am thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— John M. Eades</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“There are two distinct classes of what are called thoughts: those that we produce in ourselves by reflection and the act of thinking and those that bolt into the mind of their own accord.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Thomas Paine</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“There are very many people who read simply to prevent themselves from thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Georg C. Lichtenberg</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“There is a magnet in your heart that will attract true friends. That magnet is unselfishness, thinking of others first; when you learn to live for others, they will live for you.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Paramahansa Yogananda</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“There is an art of reading, as well as an art of thinking, and an art of writing.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Clarence Day</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">There is no expedient to which a man will not go to avoid the labor of thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Thomas A. Edison</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Think for yourselves and let others enjoy the privilege to do so, too.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">– Voltaire</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Thinking about the universe has now been handed over to specialists. The rest of us merely read about it.”—</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">Mason Cooley</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Thinking begins only when we have come to know that reason, glorified for centuries, is the stiff-necked adversary of thought.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Martin Heidegger</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Thinking in its lower grades is comparable to paper money, and in its higher forms it is a kind of poetry.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Havelock Ellis</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Thinking is like loving and dying. Each of us must do it for himself.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Josiah Royce</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Thinking is more interesting than knowing, but less interesting than looking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Thinking is one thing no one has ever been able to tax.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Charles Kettering</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Thinking is the hardest work there is, which is probably the reason why so few engage in it.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Henry Ford</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Thinking is easy, acting is difficult, and to put one’s thoughts into action is the most difficult thing in the world.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Thinking isn’t agreeing or disagreeing. That’s voting.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Robert Frost</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Thinking will not overcome fear but action will.”–</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">W. Clement Stone</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Thinking: the talking of the soul with itself.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">– Plato</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Those who know how to think need no teachers.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Mahatma Gandhi</span></i></li>
<li><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Thought is action in rehearsal.” — Anonymous“Thought is the blossom; language the bud; action the</em></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">fruit behind it.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">– Ralph Waldo Emerson</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Thoughts lead on to purpose, purpose leads on to actions, actions form habits, habits decide character, and character fixes our destiny.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Tryon Edwards</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Thoughts, like fleas, jump from man to man. But they don’t bite everybody.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Stanislaw Lec</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“To be a real philosopher all that is necessary is to hate some one else’s type of thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— William James</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“To do anything truly worth doing, I must not stand back shivering and thinking of the cold and danger, but jump in with gusto and scramble through as well as I can.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Og Mandino</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">To get others to come into our ways of thinking, we must go over to theirs; and it is necessary to follow, in order to lead.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— William Hazlitt</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Too often we enjoy the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of thought.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— John F. Kennedy</span></i></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"><i>“Try not thinking of peeling an orange. Try not imagining the juice running down your fingers, the soft inner part of the peel. The smell. Try and you can’t. The brain doesn’t process negatives.” — Doug Coupland</i></span></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“Very little is needed to make a happy life; it is all within yourself, in your way of thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Marcus Aurelius</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“We are formed and molded by our thoughts. Those whose minds are shaped by selfless thoughts give joy when they speak or act. Joy follows them like a shadow that never leaves them.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">– Buddha</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Albert Einstein</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“We get into the habit of living before acquiring the habit of thinking. In that race which daily hastens us towards death, the body maintains its irreparable lead.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Albert Camus</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“We teach people that they upset themselves. We can’t change the past, so we change how people are thinking, feeling and behaving today.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Albert Ellis</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“What then do you call your soul? What idea have you of it? You cannot of yourselves, without revelation, admit the existence within you of anything but a power unknown to you of feeling and thinking.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">– Voltaire</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“When I get ready to talk to people, I spend two thirds of the time thinking what they want to hear and one third thinking about what I want to say.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Abraham Lincoln</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">When men yield up the privilege of thinking, the last shadow of liberty quits the horizon.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Thomas Paine</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">When people talk of the freedom of writing, speaking or thinking I cannot choose but laugh. No such thing ever existed. No such thing now exists; but I hope it will exist. But it must be hundreds of years after you and I shall write and speak no more.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— John Adams</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“When the mind is thinking it is talking to itself.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">– Plato</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">When we quit thinking primarily about ourselves and our own self-preservation, we undergo a truly heroic transformation of consciousness.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Joseph Campbell</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“When you control a man’s thinking you do not have to worry about his actions.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Carter G. Woodson</span></i></li>
<li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Why should we think upon things that are lovely? Because thinking determines life. It is a common habit to blame life upon the environment. Environment modifies life but does not govern life. The soul is stronger than its surroundings.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— William James</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“You and I are not what we eat; we are what we think.” –</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">Walter Anderson</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“You cannot simply put something new into a place. You have to absorb what you see around you, what exists on the land, and then use that knowledge along with contemporary thinking to interpret what you see.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Tadao Ando</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“You must continue to gain expertise, but avoid thinking like an expert.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— Denis Waitley</span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">“You sort of start thinking anything’s possible if you’ve got enough nerve.”</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px;">— J. K. Rowling</span></i></li>
</ul><br />
<span style="background-color: #ecf3f7; color: #333333; font-family: 'Lucida Grande', 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br />
</span>Siti Masmawarni, Hasnan dan Norhaslizamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01177170128245149536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9125141156080641039.post-60140119612292765672011-11-27T19:52:00.003+08:002011-12-15T16:26:07.426+08:00TIPS UNTUK GURU<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bagaimanakah Kemahiran Berfikir Boleh Dikembangkan?</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<ol><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Guru harus mengembangkan kemahiran berfikir tersebut di atas dengan pendekatan penyerapan.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Dalam pendekatan penyerapan, kemahiran berfikir yang ada kaitan dengan isi kandungan mata pelajaran dikembangkan.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Pelajar perlu juga tahu akan jenis kemahiran berfikir yang digunakan serta langkah-langkah dalam proses berfikir.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Dalam perkembangan kemahian berfikir, guru harus juga menegaskan proses berfikir iaitu langkah-langkah dalam kemahiran berfikir itu.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Contoh: Dalam topik "Benda-benda Hidup", mata pelajaran Sains sekolah rendah, guru boleh mengembankan kemahiran membanding dan membeza sera mengkelaskan benda hidup selain daripada mengenal pasti pelbagai benda hidup.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Melayu di sekolah rendah berhubung dengan kemahiran membuat ayat yang mudah, anda boleh mengembangkan kemahiran menyusun atur dengan memberi perkataan dan meminta pelajar menyusunnya untuk mendapatkan ayat yang bermakna. Contoh: Susun perkataan berikut supaya menjadi ayat yang bermakna: Badminton dengan bermain Ali kawan-kawannya.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Apabila pelajar telah tahu tentang setiap kemahiran berfikir tersebut di atas, anda harus memperkukuhkan penguasaannya dengan menggunakan pelbagai aktiviti.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Lihat contoh di bawah ini:</span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span"> Ali dan Ahmad nampak seorang tua sedang berdiri di tepi jalan. Orang tua itu hendak melintas jalan tetapi tidak berbuat demikian kerana rasa takut dan kereta terlalu banyak. Ahmad sendiri melintas jalan. Ali membantu orang tua itu melintas jalan.<o:p></o:p></span></span><div style="margin-left: 40px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black;">Guru boleh mengembankan kemahiran berfikir aras rendahdgn soalan</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> berikut:<o:p></o:p> </span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 120px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">i.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black;">Siapa yang nampak orang tua di tepi jalan?<o:p></o:p> </span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 120px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">ii. Apakah yang hendak dibuat oleh orang tua itu?</span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></span></span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 120px;"><span style="color: black; font-size: small;">iii. </span><span style="color: black; font-size: small;">Siapakah dibantu oleh Ali untuk melintas jalan?<o:p></o:p></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 40px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black;">Guru boleh memperkembangkan kemahian berfikir aras tinggi dengan </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> soalan atau aktiviti berikut:<o:p></o:p> </span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 120px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">i. Mengapakah orang tua itu tidak melintas jalan?<o:p></o:p> </span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 120px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">ii. Apakah akan terjadi sekiranya Ali tidak membantu orang tua itu?<o:p></o:p> </span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 120px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">iii. Apakah pendapat anda tentang tindakan Ali dan Ahmad?<o:p></o:p> </span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 120px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">iv. Bandingkan watak Ali dengan watak Ahmad?<o:p></o:p> </span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 120px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">v. Bagaimanakah orang tua itu boleh melintas jalan sekiranya</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> tiada Ali? </span></span><br />
<div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div></div><div style="margin-left: 120px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">vi. Tuliskan sepucuk surat kepada Majlis Bandaraya untuk memberi </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> cadangan </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">bagi orang awam melintas jalan yang sesak.</span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"></span></span> <div style="margin-left: 120px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">vii. Perbahasan: dua kumpulan akan bahaskan yang berikut: </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">"Kereta persendirian harus tidak dibenarkan dibandar".<o:p></o:p> </span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 120px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">viii. Projek: Buat satu kajain tentang jalan raya yang sangat sesak </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> dan menyusahkan orang awam melintas jalan raya berhampiran </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> rumah anda.<o:p></o:p> </span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 120px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">ix. Melukis jejantas untuk orang tua melintas jalan.</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div></li>
</ol></div>Siti Masmawarni, Hasnan dan Norhaslizamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01177170128245149536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9125141156080641039.post-46284350653450756212011-11-27T19:38:00.004+08:002011-12-15T15:54:14.991+08:00PENGENALANCIRI-CIRI PEMIKIR YANG BIJAK<br />
<div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 24px;"> </span></div><div><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 24px;">Seorang pemikir yang bijak mempunyai ciri-ciri berikut :-</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 24px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Cekal 7. Mengambil risiko</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> 2.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Fleksibel 8. Mahir menyoal dan memapar</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> 3.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Bekerjasama masalah</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><br />
<span lang="FR" style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> 4.</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kebolehan mendengan dengan aktif 9. </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Memindah konsep dan kemahiran</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> 5.</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Tidak impulsive 10. Ingin tahu</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> 6.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Refleksif 11. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Keaslian ciptaan dan idea</span></div>Siti Masmawarni, Hasnan dan Norhaslizamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01177170128245149536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9125141156080641039.post-84275205791124257722011-11-27T18:43:00.001+08:002011-12-15T15:43:48.146+08:00DEFINISI KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Berikut adalah definisi Kemahiran Berfikir yang telah dikemukakan oleh beberapa pengkaji dan ahli fikir :</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><br />
<ol><li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 7pt;"></span><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Menurut Beyer (1984), berfikir adalah kebolehan manusia untuk membentuk konsep, memberi sebab atau membuat penentuan.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Menurut Fraenkel (1980), berfikir merupakan pembentukan semula pengalaman dan penyusunan maklumat dalam bentuk tertentu.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Meyer (1977), pula berpendapat bahawa berfikir melibatkan pengelolaan operasi mental tertentu yang berlaku dalam minda atau sistem kognitif seseorang yang bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan masaalah.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">KB “adalah manifestasi pemikiran reflektif – ia termasuklah penangguhan penilaian, mengekalkan pemikiran skeptik yang sihat, dan mengamalkan pemikiran terbuka”. (Dewey, 1910)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">KB adalah “sesuatu yang menjurus ke arah yang bercapah. Ia membolehkan penyelesaian masalah yang berbeza dan menghala kepada penyelesaian yang berbagai, di mana lebih dari satu penyelesaian atau jawapan adalah boleh diterima”. (Guilford, 1959)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Moore dan Parker (1986) pula menyatakan bahawa KB “…adalah keyakinan berlandaskan tindakan yang cermat dan disengajakan samada dalam menerima, menolak, atau menagguhkan satu-satu keputusan berhubung dengan satu-satu dakwaan (claims).</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Sementara Meyer (1987) mentakrifkan KB sebagai “kebolehan membuat generalisasi, mengandaikan dan mengendalikan kemungkinan yang berbagai, dan juga menangguhkan keputusan”. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>Siti Masmawarni, Hasnan dan Norhaslizamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01177170128245149536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9125141156080641039.post-44987920565895403922011-11-27T18:39:00.002+08:002011-12-15T15:40:03.577+08:00KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR DARI PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH<div style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Ada baiknya kita soroti sedikit kemahiran berfikir dari perspektif sejarah dan kesannya kepada kefahaman tentang konsep Kemahirab berfikir itu sendiri. Berfikir yang juga dikenali pada mulanya sebagai pemikiran kritis yang juga merangkumi pemikiran kreatif telah mula diberi perhatian istimewa oleh tamadun manusia semenjak zaman Socrates, 2500 tahun dahulu lagi. Dalam menitikberatkan pemikiran kritis dalam kehidupan manusia, Socrates telah berjaya menggunakan keberkesanan <i><b>soalan</b></i> untuk menilai dan mempertingkatkan kebolehan seseorang menjana dan memberikan buah fikiran. Socrates telah menyatakan bahawa buah fikiran yang bernas tidak semestinya dihasilkan oleh seseorang yang mempunyai kuasa atau authoriti sahaja. Beliau telah membuktikan bahawa seseorang yang mempunyai kuasa dan kedudukan, kadang-kadang boleh melakukan tindakan yang membingungkan dan tidak diterima akal. Beliau menyarankan betapa pentingnya soalan-soalan aras tinggi yang beliau sebut sebagai ‘deep questions’ diajukan untuk menggalakkan seseorang berfikir secara kritis sebelum satu-satu buah fikiran dapat dan layak diterima pakai.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Dia juga menyatakan betapa pentingnya seseorang berupaya melahirkan hujah yang kukuh sebelum buah fikirannya dapat diterima. Keupayaan ini merangkumi kebolehan melihat secara objektif, mentaakul dan membuat saranan, menganalisa konsep-konsep asas, dan juga menyoroti implikasi bukan sahaja terhadap apa yang dinyatakan tetapi juga apa yang telah dilakukan dengan perbuatan. Metod penyoalan Socrates yang dikenali sebagai “Socratic questioning” atau “Penyoalan Socratic” masih di anggap sebagai satu cara terbaik dalam pengajaran berfikir secara kritis dan kreatif dan masih banyak diamalakan hingga ke hari ini.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Idea Socrates dalam berfikir secara kritis dan kreatif telah disoroti oleh Plato (murid Socrates yang banyak membuat catatan tentang pemikiran Socrates) dan Aristotle (seorang lagi ahli falsafah Greek). Mereka dan ahli falsafah Greek yang lain menyarankan betapa perlunya manusia berfikir sebelum menerima sesuatu kerana realiti sesuatu itu mungkin berbeza dari keadaan lahiriahnya – cuma minda yang terlatih (trained mind) sahaja yang dapat membezakannya apa yang dilihat oleh mata kasar (delusive appearances) dengan apa yang sebenarnya tersirat disebalik kulit luarannya (the deeper realities of life). Bertitik tolak dari saranan tradisi Greek ini, lahir keperluan bagi manusia untuk mencari kebenaran tersembunyi (deeper realities), berfikir secara sistematik, menyoroti implikasi secara meluas dan mendalam – kerana cuma dengan berfikir secara komprehensif, ‘well-reasoned’, dan bersifat responsif terhadap tentangan dan kejanggalan sahaja yang membolehkan manusia berfikir secara mendalam dari cuma menghayati apa yang terpapar pada sifat lahiriah sahaja. Tradisi ini adalah selari dengan apa yang disarankan oleh Islam supaya manusia meneliti kebesaran dan kehebatan Pencipta alam ini disebalik keindahan ciptaanNya yang berupa bintang-bintang, gunung ganang, matahari dan bulan yang sentiasa menakjubkan mereka yang ingin berfikir. Keyakinan yang didasarkan kepada Al-Quran, hadith dan sunnah, ijmak dan ulamak adalah mutlak dan tidak boleh dipersoalkan. Berfikir dalam Islam adalah dalam lingkungan yang dibenarkan oleh syara’ dan tidak bertentangan dengan syariat Islam itu sendiri.</span></div>Siti Masmawarni, Hasnan dan Norhaslizamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01177170128245149536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9125141156080641039.post-92215999272583106072011-11-27T18:34:00.008+08:002011-12-15T15:39:00.472+08:00DEFINISI DAN KONSEP KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Manusia yang dicipta oleh tuhan sebagai khalifah atau pemimpin di muka bumi ini mempunyai berbagai keistimewaan dan kelebihan berbanding dengan makhluk-makhluk lain. Kelebihan dan keistimewaan ini ialah kerana manusia dikurnialan akal. Akal fikiranlah yang membezakan secara kualitatif, di antara manusia dan haiwan. Akal atau minda adalah sumber ilmu intelek (intellectual knowledge) yang menghasilkan pengetahuan melalui proses pemikiran dan pentaakulan minda (akal). Akal adalah tempat bersemadinya kearifan dan kebijaksanaan (hikmah). Akal adalah merupakan kurniaan Allah S.W.T. yang sangat berharga kepada hambaNya. Melaluinya manusia boleh membuat pentaakulan (rationalize), membentuk konsep (conceptualize), dapat memahami (comprehend) dan sebagainya. Untuk memiliki sifat ‘hikmah’ (wisdom), seseorang perlulah menjalani latihan penajaman minda dan pendidikan pembersihan akal.</span><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Di samping dikaitkan dengan otak, hikmah juga dikaitkan dengan ‘qalbu’ atau hati manusia. Hati adalah sumber ilmu yang menghasilkan pengetahuan melalui ilham, taufiq dan hidayah (bisikan hati dan suara qalbu). Pemberian Allah S.W.T. kepada seseorang kerana bersihnya hati yang dimiliki. Hati mempunyai keupayaan pentaakulan dan daya faham seperti kemampuan akal, boleh mengesani dan menemui kebenaran. Pengetahuan yang diperolehi melalui mata hati dapat membezakan yang benar dari yang palsu, yang betul dari yang salah,</span><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">kebaikan dari keburukan. Untuk memperolehi pengetahuan bersumberkan hati, seseorang itu perlu mempunyai hati yang suci dan ini dapat dicapai melalui latihan penyucian hati (purification of the heart). Sekiranya manusia dapat menggunakan akal dan hatinyanya dalam mengeluarkan buah fikiran, maka ia dikira sebagai telah menggunakan akalnya dengan bijak. Kemahiran mengggunakan buah fikiran yang baik dan berguna inilah yang bakal mengangkat darjat “keinsanan manusia berbanding haiwan”. Sejarah membuktikan bahawa manusia bertindak tanpa menggunakan akal dan buah fikirannya boleh terjerumus de dalam darjat kehaiwanan, bahkan lebih dahsyat daripada itu.</span><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Keputusan-keputusan dan tindakan-tindakan yang dibuat oleh manusia ada kaitan dengan kemahiran berfikir. Sekiranya keputusan dan tindakan itu membawa natijah positif kepada dirinya dan orang lain, ia dikatakan keputusan yang berhikmah dan bijaksana. Sebaliknya, jika keputusan tidak bermanfaat kepada diri, orang lain dan alam sekelilingnya, keputusan itu dikatakan tidak bijak atau tidak berhikmah.</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: small;">Betapa perlu dan pentingnya aktiviti berfikir untuk diri manusia adalah jelas sebagaimana digambarkan di dalam maksud sebuah hadis Nabi<i> “</i><b><i>Berfikir sesaat itu lebih baik daripada sembahyang sunat selama tujuh puluh tahun”</i>. </b>Manakala di dalam kitab suci Al-Quran perkataan yang merujuk kepada kata akar <i>aqal </i>disebut sebanyak 40 kali. Allah SubhanahuWataala (S.W.T) juga menempelak manusia yang tidak mahu berfikir. Apabila Allah S.W.T memberitahu manusia, <i>“</i><b><i>Lihatlah bulan, lihatlah langit, lihatlah bintang dan fikirkan”</i>. </b>Menyedari kebesaran Allah Taala melalui ciptaanya seperti bumi, bulan, bintang dan matahari adalah tanda seseorang itu sebenarnya menggunakan akalnya untuk berfikir. Justeru itu, berfikir adalah sesuatu yang menjadi tuntutan dan seharusnya dilakukan oleh manusia dalam setiap aktiviti dan tindak tanduk yang dilakukan. Namun bagitu, tidak ramai antara kita yang memahami pengertian serta selok-belok berfikir yang sewajarnya.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div>Siti Masmawarni, Hasnan dan Norhaslizamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01177170128245149536noreply@blogger.com0